You mentioned that some European countries have done even higher resolution downscaling (e.g. UK). Have there been some comparison made between the 12km and the higher resolution historical and future simulations?

Yes this has been done in various scientific papers mostly for individual pairs (12km vs 2km). Very recently the Pichelli et al. article has compared for the first time an ensemble of 2km runs with an ensemble of 12km runs. Erika Coppola has presented some results of this study on Monday . https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00382-021-05657-4

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You mentioned that some European countries have done even higher resolution downscaling (e.g. UK). Have there been some comparison made between the 12km and the higher resolution historical and future simulations?