Introduction
During these first stages of the proof-of-concept phase of C3S seasonal forecast activity, we have been working to define a standard for the data provision in netCDF. This standard is described below.
The proposal is constrained by the CF convention, and we also tried not to diverge from specifications coming from other well established communities: SPECS and CMIP5/6
Additionally ACDD has been also taken into account when defining the data discovery related metadata.
Hence, the following links are valuable sources of information that have informed the definition of this proposal:
CF convention standard names tables
SPECS file content and format, data structure and metadata
CMIP6 Data Request: MIP variables search
Examples
Some example files have been created following the guidelines contained in this document.
Encoding Guide for netCDF files conforming to C3S-0.1
Global attributes
The following properties are intended to provide information about where the data came from and what has been done to it. This information is mainly for the benefit of human readers and data discovery mechanisms. The attribute values are all character strings. When an attribute appears both globally and as a variable attribute, it is the variable’s version which has precedence.
| Attribute Name | Value | Examples | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conventions | CF_convention_string C3S-0.1 [Other convention] :... | "CF-1.6 C3S-0.1" | Multiple conventions may be included (separated by blank spaces) |
| title | "<short institution name> seasonal forecast model output prepared for C3S" CF: Free text ACDD (highly recommended) | "ECMWF seasonal forecast model output prepared for C3S" | A short phrase or sentence describing the dataset. In many discovery systems, the title will be displayed in the results list from a search, and therefore should be human readable and reasonable to display in a list of such names <short institution name> is the first element of the comma-separated list of values of the corresponding "institution" attribute |
| references | URIs (such as a URL or DOI) for papers or other references. A valid doi is recommended CF: Free text | "doi:10.5194/gmd-8-1509-2015" | Published or web-based references that describe the data or methods used to produce it. |
| source | The following template should be followed in constructing this string: '<model_id> : atmosphere: <model_name> (<technical_name>, <resolution_and_levels>); ocean: <model_name> (<technical_name>, <resolution_and_levels>); sea ice: <model_name> (<technical_name>); land: <model_name> (<technical_name>)'' Additional explanatory information may follow the required information. NOTE that for some models, it may not make much sense to include all these components. The first portion of the string, “model_id”, should be built using the following template: "model_name-vYYYYMMDD" where YYYYMMDD is the release date of that version of the model (the date when it was first used) | "System4-v20111101: atmos: IFS (CY36R4, TL255L91); ocean: NEMOv3.0 (ORCA1_z42, 1x1L42); Local modifications in NEMOv3.0 (dynamic memory, flexible output, surface flux forcing, closure of frewsh water budget). FLAKE lake model " | The method of production of the original data. If it was model-generated, source should name the model and its version, as specifically as it could be useful. It is a character string fully identifying the model and version used to generate the output. It should include information concerning the component models. Note that information about changes in the individual components respect to the "official" releases should be included (e.g. a different bathymetry) The "source" attribute should include as much information as possible to not just identify the model but to brief the user about it |
| institute_id | Controlled Vocabulary: "ecmf" for ECMWF | "edzw" | Standardized 4 characters identifier of the institution that produced the data; NOTE all the values come from abbreviations of WMO/GRIB "originating centre" table, except CMCC (not available there) |
| institution | Controlled Vocabulary: "ECMWF, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom" "Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom" "Météo-France, Toulouse, France" "DWD, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany" "CMCC, Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy" CF: Free text
| "Météo-France, Toulouse, France" | Specifies where the original data was produced. The name of the institution principally responsible for originating this data. NOTE: The first element of the comma-separated list of values will be used as a shortened version of this attribute in some of the other global attributes ('summary', 'title') |
| contact | Copernicus User Support URI should be used CF: Free text | "http://copernicus-support.ecmwf.int" |
|
| project | "C3S Seasonal Forecast" should be used CF: Free text
| "C3S Seasonal Forecast" | |
| creation_date | SPECS: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss<zone> ISO 8601:2004 extended format | "2011-06-24T02:53:46Z" | The date on which this version of the data was created. Modification of values implies a new version, hence this would be assigned the date of the most recent values modification. Metadata changes are not considered when assigning the creation_date NOTE: The ACDD 1.3 names this attribute as "date_create". The name "creation_date" has been used following SPECS convention. |
| comment | Free text |
| Miscellaneous information about the data, not captured elsewhere. |
| forecast_type | Controlled Vocabulary "forecast" or "hindcast" | "forecast" | To identify the type of data |
| modeling_realm | Controlled Vocabullary "atmos", "ocean", "land", "landIce", "seaIce", "aerosol", "atmosChem", "ocnBgchem" | "seaIce" | A string that indicates the high-level modelling component that is particularly relevant to the variable encoded
|
| frequency | Controlled Vocabulary "mon", "day", "12hr", "6hr", "fix" | "day" | A string indicating the interval between individual time-samples. Value depends on the variable (see "global attributes" column in variables tables) |
| level_type | Controlled Vocabulary "surface", "pressure", "soil" | "pressure" | A string indicating the type of the level where the variable comes from Value depends on the variable (see "global attributes" column in variables tables) |
| history | Empty string | "" | To avoid this attribute being polluted by usual netCDF tools, it must be enforced to an empty string.
|
commit | timestamp + URL of a commit in a CVS repository | "2017-04-01T13:48:25Z https://git.ecmwf.int/projects/C3SS/repos/ecmf/System4_v20111101" | This attribute intends to keep trace of the tools/scripts used to post-process the data output from the model. Ideally it should contain the link to a repository containing the specific set of tools and scripts needed to reproduce the same data from the model output. It is highly desirable to have that traceability information. As a surrogate when the previous is not feasible it should include the timestamp followed by an URL pointing to the C3S documentation repository of the correspondent model version (properly labelled with the <model_id> introduced in 'source" attribute) |
| summary | Controlled Vocabulary: ACDD (highly recommended) | "Seasonal Forecast data produced by DWD as its contribution to the seasonal forecast activity of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). The data has global coverage with a 1-degree horizontal resolution and spans for around 6 months since the start date" | A short paragraph describing the dataset
<short institution name> is the first element of the comma-separated list of values of the corresponding "institution" attribute |
| keywords | Fixed string "Seasonal Forecasts, C3S, ECMWF, Copernicus, Climate Change, Climate Services, Earth Science Services, Environmental Advisories, Climate Advisories" ACDD (highly recommended) | A comma separated list of key words and phrases. NOTE: This attribute is likely to be modified in the future, once the contents of the Thesaurus for CDS faceting will be defined | |
| forecast_reference_time | SPECS: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ssZ NOTE: This is ISO 8601:2004 extended format, but time zone is required to be UTC | "2011-06-01T00:00:00Z" | time of the analysis from which the forecast was made
|
Spatial Coordinates
| Type (CMIP5) | Coordinate Name (CMIP5) | Dimension Names (CMIP5) | Axis | standard_name | long_name (CMIP5) | units (CF canonical units) | positive | valid_min (CMIP5) | valid_max (CMIP5) | bounds | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| double | lat | lat | Y | latitude | latitude | degrees_north | N/A | -90. | 90. | lat_bnds | Values (1x1deg grid) prescribed: [-89.5, -88.5 , ..., -0.5, 0.5 ... 89.5] |
| double | lon | lon | X | longitude | longitude | degrees_east | N/A | 0. | 360. | lon_bnds | Values (1x1deg grid) prescribed: center of 1-degree cells dimension lon=360 [0.5 , 1.5 , ..., 358.5, 359.5] |
| double | plev | plev | Z | air_pressure | pressure | Pa | down | N/A | N/A | This is also referred to as isobaric level by some tools [925., 850., 700., 500., 400., 300., 200., 100., 50., 30., 10.] | |
| double | depth | depth | Z | depth | depth | m | down | N/A | N/A | depth_bnds | Only used for soil model levels NOTE: Number and depth of levels is not prescribed by C3S |
| double | height | (scalar auxiliary coordinate) | Z | height | height | m | up or down | CMIP5: 2mtemp: 1. | CMIP5: 2mtemp: 10. | Used for single level fields (height, soil,SST) e.g. 2 m (for Temperature) | |
C3S: string
| realization | str31=31 | E | realization | realization | 1 | N/A | N/A | N/A | members are not a physical quantity. Realization is a discrete coordinate and the members its categorical values (ordered or non-ordered ones) SPECS approach: rXXiYYpZZ |
NOTE about the horizontal coordinates: The regridding procedure to provide the data in the 1-degree grid must take into account that the full definition of the gird cells is given by the cell boundaries (lat_bnds, lon_bnds)
Time Coordinates
| Type | Coordinate Name | Dimension Names | Axis | standard_name | long_name | calendar | units | bounds | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| double | reftime | N/A | N/A | forecast_reference_time | "Start date of the forecast" | gregorian | UDUNITS time units e.g. "hours since YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss TZhh:TZmm" | N/A | In SPECS it is only given as a "global_attribute" It has been additionally introduced here as a coordinate variable to ease future netCDF management (e.g. file merging) |
| double | leadtime | leadtime | N/A | forecast_period | "Time elapsed since the start of the forecast" | N/A | SPECS: days | leadtime_bnds | The interval of time between the forecast reference time and the valid time Boundaries not needed when this time coordinate is used for instantaneous values (note that "time:point" is used as cell_method in those cases) When boundaries are required, the value of the coordinate must be in the centre of the correspondent time cell boundaries |
| double | time | leadtime | N/A | time | "Verification time of the forecast" | gregorian | SPECS: "days since 1850-01-01" C3S: requested units can be relaxed to equivalent time units | time_bnds | Time for which the forecast is valid Boundaries not needed when this time coordinate is used for instantaneous values (note that "time:point" is used as cell_method in those cases) When boundaries are required, the value of the coordinate must be in the centre of the correspondent time cell boundaries
|
NOTE: Definitions for "leadtime" and "time" have been taken from SPECS. The introduction of "reftime" as a variable has been adapted from SPECS global attribute description for the forecast reference time.
NOTE: Even though there are different requested time steps among the variables (6h, 12h, 24h), just one set of time axes has been defined, as that would be enough when applying the requirement of "one variable per file"
"leadtime" has been selected as dimension (instead of "time") for both time and leadtime. That means "leadtime" is the coordinate and "time" is an auxiliary coordinate
- This diverges from SPECS (where "time" was the name of the dimension and the coordinate, and "leadtime" was an auxiliary coordinate)
- Here it has been done like that because
- both reftime and leadtime are the relevant (let's say "orthogonal") coordinates coming from the relationship time = reftime + leadtime
- doing like that has some advantages when merging netCDF files ("leadtime" can be easily shared by different variables in a merged file, while "time" cannot)
Cell boundaries
As described in section 7.1 Cell Boundaries of CF convention.
To represent cells we add the attribute bounds to the appropriate coordinate variable(s). The value of bounds is the name of the variable that contains the vertices of the cell boundaries. We refer to this type of variable as a "boundary variable." A boundary variable will have one more dimension than its associated coordinate or auxiliary coordinate variable. The additional dimension should be the most rapidly varying one, and its size is the maximum number of cell vertices. Since a boundary variable is considered to be part of a coordinate variable’s metadata, it is not necessary to provide it with attributes such as long_name and units
| Bounds Name | Dimensions | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| time_bnds | leadtime, bnds | |
| leadtime_bnds | ||
| lat_bnds | lat, bnds | Values (1x1deg grid) prescribed: [-90., -89.], [-89., -88.], ... [89., 90.] |
| lon_bnds | lon, bnds | Values (1x1deg grid) prescribed: [0., 1.], [1., 2.], ... [359., 360.] |
| depth_bnds | depth, bnds | Should define the full vertical extent of the soil model layers |
Grid mapping
As described in section 5.6 Grid Mappings and Projections of CF convention. (see quote below)
When the coordinate variables for a horizontal grid are longitude and latitude, a grid mapping variable with "grid_mapping_name" of "latitude_longitude" may be used to specify the ellipsoid and prime meridian.
Following that, it has been decided to include, as mandatory, in this C3S netcdf encoding guide the following variable
char hcrs ;
hcrs:grid_mapping_name = "latitude_longitude" ;
Variables
Common attributes
The following attributes must be included in all the variables:
| attribute name | value | comment |
|---|---|---|
| grid_mapping | hcrs |
Conditional attributes
The following attributes may be included in the attribute list for a given variable if the conditions specified are fulfilled:
| attribute name | value | comment |
|---|---|---|
| _FillValue | Set by netCDF library | Those attributes must be included ONLY when the variable has missing values. If they are NOT present in the actual data field values, they should NOT be included as variable attributes. |
| missing_value | Set by netCDF library |
Candidate attributes
The following attributes may be included in the attribute list for a given variable at a later date as this standard evolves:
| attribute name | value | comment |
|---|---|---|
| valid_max | TBD | see below |
| valid_min | TBD | see below |
valid range attributes
Both "valid_min" and "valid_max" attributes should be included as variable attributes, but a set of sensible values for each and every variable needs to be provided.
In the meantime, it is proposed not to include them and just bear in mind that they will be required to be introduced at some point in the future.
Static Fields
| attributes | ||||||||
| name (CMIP5) | dimensions | standard_name | long_name (CMIP5) | units | coordinates | valid_min | valid_max | global attributes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sftlf | lat,lon | land_area_fraction | "Land Area Fraction" | 1 | "lat lon"
| 0 | 1 | "frequency":"fix" |
| orog | lat,lon | surface_altitude | "Surface Altitude" | m | "lat lon" | "frequency":"fix" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos" | ||
Surface Fields (defined at a given height level)
| attributes | ||||||||||
| name (CMIP5/6&C3S) | dimensions | standard_name | long_name (CMIP5/6&C3S) | units | coordinates | cell_methods | valid_min | valid_max | global attributes | NOTES |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tas | leadtime,lat,lon | air_temperature | "Near-Surface Air Temperature" | K | "reftime realization time leadtime height lat lon"
| "leadtime: point" | "frequency":"6hr" | height is usually 2m height:valid_min = 1.;
| ||
| tasmax | leadtime,lat,lon | air_temperature | "Daily Maximum Near-Surface Air Temperature" | K | "reftime realization time leadtime height lat lon" | "leadtime: maximum (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional | "frequency":"day" | height is usually 2m height:valid_min = 1.; C3S: The interval is required to have a value<=3 hours) leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required | ||
| tasmin | leadtime,lat,lon | air_temperature | "Daily Minimum Near-Surface Air Temperature" | K | "reftime realization time leadtime height lat lon" | "leadtime: minimum (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional | "frequency":"day" | height is usually 2m height:valid_min = 1.; C3S: The interval is required to have a value<=3 hours) leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required | ||
| tdps | leadtime,lat,lon | dew_point_temperature | "2m Dewpoint Temperature" | K | "reftime realization time leadtime height lat lon" | "leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended | "frequency":"6hr" | height is usually 2m height:valid_min = 1.; | ||
| uas | leadtime,lat,lon | x_wind | Eastward Near-Surface Wind | m s-1 | "reftime realization time leadtime height lat lon" | "leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended |
"frequency":"6hr" | height is usually 10m
| ||
| vas | leadtime,lat,lon | y_wind | Northward Near-Surface Wind | m s-1 | "reftime realization time leadtime height lat lon" | "leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended |
"frequency":"6hr" | height is usually 10m height:valid_min = 1.;
| ||
wsgmax
N/A in CMIP | leadtime,lat,lon | wind_speed_of_gust | "Maximum Wind Speed of Gust"
N/A in CMIP | m s-1 | "reftime realization time leadtime height lat lon" | "leadtime: maximum (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional | "frequency":"day" | height is usually 10m height:valid_min = 1.;
C3S: The interval is required to have a value<=3 hours) leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required | ||
Surface Fields (not defined at a height level)
| attributes | ||||||||||
| name (CMIP5/6&C3S) | dimensions | standard_name | long_name (CMIP5/6&C3S) | units | coordinates | cell_methods | valid_min | valid_max | global attributes | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| psl | leadtime,lat,lon | air_pressure_at_sea_level | "Sea Level Pressure" | Pa | "reftime realization time leadtime lat lon" | "leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended | "frequency":"6hr" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos" | |||
| clt | leadtime,lat,lon | cloud_area_fraction | "Total Cloud Fraction" | 1 | "reftime realization time leadtime lat lon" | "leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended | "frequency":"6hr" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos" | |||
| tsl | leadtime,lat,lon | soil_temperature | "Temperature of Soil" | K | "reftime realization time leadtime lat lon" | "leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended | "frequency":"6hr" | |||
| tso | leadtime,lat,lon | sea_surface_temperature | "Sea Surface Temperature" | K | "reftime realization time leadtime lat lon" | "leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended | "frequency":"6hr" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"ocean" | |||
sitemptop
N/A in CMIP | leadtime,lat,lon | sea_ice_temperature | "Surface Temperature of Sea Ice" N/A in CMIP | K | "reftime realization time leadtime lat lon" | "leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended | "frequency":"6hr" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"seaIce" | |||
| sic | leadtime,lat,lon | sea_ice_area_fraction | "Sea Ice Area Fraction" | 1 | "reftime realization time leadtime lat lon" | "leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended | "frequency":"day" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"seaIce" | |||
mrlsl
| leadtime,depth,lat,lon | moisture_content_of_soil_layer | "Water Content per Unit Area of Soil Layers"
| kg m-2 | "reftime realization time leadtime depth lat lon" | "leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended | "frequency":"day" "level_type": "soil" "modeling_realm":"land" | |||
lwesnw
N/A in CMIP | leadtime,lat,lon | lwe_thickness_of_surface_snow_amount | "Liquid Water Equivalent Thickness of Surface Snow Amount" N/A in CMIP | m | "reftime realization time leadtime lat lon" | "leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended | "frequency":"day" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"land" | |||
rhosn
N/A in CMIP | leadtime,lat,lon | snow_density | "Snow Density"
N/A in CMIP | kg m-3 | "reftime realization time leadtime lat lon" | "leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended | "frequency":"day" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"land" | |||
lweprs
N/A in CMIP | leadtime,lat,lon | lwe_thickness_of_stratiform_precipitation_amount | "Liquid Water Equivalent Thickness of Stratiform Precipitation Amount"
N/A in CMIP | m | "reftime realization time leadtime lat lon" | "leadtime: sum" | "frequency":"day" | leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required | ||
lweprc
N/A in CMIP | leadtime,lat,lon | lwe_thickness_of_convective_precipitation_amount | "Liquid Water Equivalent Thickness of Convective Precipitation Amount"
N/A in CMIP | m | "reftime realization time leadtime lat lon" | "leadtime: sum" | "frequency":"day" | leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required | ||
lwepr
N/A in CMIP | leadtime,lat,lon | lwe_thickness_of_precipitation_amount | "Liquid Water Equivalent Thickness of Total Precipitation Amount"
N/A in CMIP | m | "reftime realization time leadtime lat lon" | "leadtime: sum" | "frequency":"day" | leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required | ||
| lweprsn
N/A in CMIP | leadtime,lat,lon | lwe_thickness_of_snowfall_amount | "Liquid Water Equivalent Thickness of Snowfall Amount"
N/A in CMIP | m | "reftime realization time leadtime lat lon" | "leadtime: sum" | "frequency":"day" | leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required | ||
| hfss | leadtime,lat,lon | surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux | "Surface Upward Sensible Heat Flux" | W m-2 | "reftime realization time leadtime lat lon" | "leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional | "frequency":"day" | leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required | ||
| hfls | leadtime,lat,lon | surface_upward_latent_heat_flux | "Surface Upward Latent Heat Flux" | W m-2 | "reftime realization time leadtime lat lon" | "leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional | "frequency":"day" | leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required | ||
| rsds | leadtime,lat,lon | surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air | "Surface Downwelling Shortwave Radiation" | W m-2 | "reftime realization time leadtime lat lon" | "leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional | "frequency":"day" | leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required | ||
| rlds | leadtime,lat,lon | surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air | "Surface Downwelling Longwave Radiation" | W m-2 | "reftime realization time leadtime lat lon" | "leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional | "frequency":"day" | leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required | ||
| rss | leadtime,lat,lon | surface_net_downward_shortwave_flux | "Net Shortwave Surface Radiation" | W m-2 | "reftime realization time leadtime lat lon" | "leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional | "frequency":"day" | leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required | ||
| rls | leadtime,lat,lon | surface_net_downward_longwave_flux | "Net Longwave Surface Radiation" | W m-2 | "reftime realization time leadtime lat lon" | "leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional | "frequency":"day" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos" | leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required | ||
rst
N/A in CMIP | leadtime,lat,lon | toa_net_downward_shortwave_flux | "TOA Net Shortwave Radiation" N/A in CMIP | W m-2 | "reftime realization time leadtime lat lon" | "leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional | "frequency":"day" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos" | leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required | ||
rlt
N/A in CMIP | leadtime,lat,lon | toa_net_downward_longwave_flux | "TOA Net Longwave Radiation" N/A in CMIP | W m-2 | "reftime realization time leadtime lat lon" | "leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is r equired. CF: interval is optional | "frequency":"day" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos" | leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required | ||
| rsdt | leadtime,lat,lon | toa_incoming_shortwave_flux | "TOA Incident Shortwave Radiation" | W m-2 | "reftime realization time leadtime lat lon" | "leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional | "frequency":"day" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos" | leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required | ||
| tauu | leadtime,lat,lon | surface_downward_eastward_stress | "Surface Downward Eastward Wind Stress" | Pa | "reftime realization time leadtime lat lon" | "leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional | "frequency":"day" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos" | leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required | ||
| tauv | leadtime,lat,lon | surface_downward_northward_stress | "Surface Downward Northward Wind Stress" | Pa | "reftime realization time leadtime lat lon" | "leadtime: mean (interval: <value> <unit>)" C3S: interval is required. CF: interval is optional | "frequency":"day" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"atmos" | leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required | ||
lwee
N/A in CMIP | leadtime,lat,lon | lwe_thickness_of_water_evaporation_amount | "Liquid Water Equivalent Thickness of Evaporation Amount" N/A in CMIP | m | "reftime realization time leadtime lat lon" | "leadtime: sum" | "frequency":"day" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"land" | leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required | ||
mrroa N/A in CMIP | leadtime,lat,lon | runoff_amount | "Total Run-off Amount" N/A in CMIP | kg m-2 | "reftime realization time leadtime lat lon" | "leadtime: sum" | "frequency":"day" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"land" | leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required | ||
mrroas N/A in CMIP | leadtime,lat,lon | surface_runoff_amount | "Surface Run-off Amount" N/A in CMIP | kg m-2 | "reftime realization time leadtime lat lon" | "leadtime: sum" | "frequency":"day" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"land" | leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required | ||
mrroab N/A in CMIP | leadtime,lat,lon | subsurface_runoff_amount | "Subsurface Run-off Amount" N/A in CMIP | kg m-2 | "reftime realization time leadtime lat lon" | "leadtime: sum" | "frequency":"day" "level_type": "surface" "modeling_realm":"land" | leadtime_bnds, time_bnds are required | ||
Pressure Level Fields
| attributes | |||||||||
| name (CMIP5) | dimensions | standard_name | long_name (CMIP5) | units | coordinates | cell_methods | valid_min | valid_max | global attributes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| zg | leadtime,plev,lat,lon | geopotential_height | "Geopotential Height" | m | "reftime realization time leadtime plev lat lon" | "leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended | "frequency":"12hr" "level_type": "pressure" "modeling_realm":"atmos" | ||
| ta | leadtime,plev,lat,lon | air_temperature | "Air Temperature" | K | "reftime realization time leadtime plev lat lon" | "leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended | "frequency":"12hr" "level_type": "pressure" "modeling_realm":"atmos" | ||
| hus | leadtime,plev,lat,lon | specific_humidity | "Specific Humidity" | 1 | "reftime realization time leadtime plev lat lon" | "leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended | "frequency":"12hr" "level_type": "pressure" "modeling_realm":"atmos" | ||
rv N/A in CMIP | leadtime,plev,lat,lon | atmosphere_relative_vorticity | "Relative Vorticity" N/A in CMIP | s-1 | "reftime realization time leadtime plev lat lon" | "leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended | "frequency":"12hr" "level_type": "pressure" "modeling_realm":"atmos" | ||
wnddiv N/A in CMIP | leadtime,plev,lat,lon | divergence_of_wind | "Divergence of Wind" N/A in CMIP | s-1 | "reftime realization time leadtime plev lat lon" | "leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended | "frequency":"12hr" "level_type": "pressure" "modeling_realm":"atmos" | ||
| ua | leadtime,plev,lat,lon | x_wind | "Eastward Wind" | m s-1 | "reftime realization time leadtime plev lat lon" | "leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended | "frequency":"12hr" "level_type": "pressure" "modeling_realm":"atmos" | ||
| va | leadtime,plev,lat,lon | y_wind | "Northward Wind" | m s-1 | "reftime realization time leadtime plev lat lon" | "leadtime: point" C3S: required CF: recommended | "frequency":"12hr" "level_type": "pressure" "modeling_realm":"atmos" | ||